De Gaulle
Pour les articles homonymes, voir Charles de Gaulle (homonymie) et CDG. « De Gaulle » redirige ici. Pour d'autres membres de la ƒamille de Gaulle, voir ƒamille de Gaulle.
Charles de Gaulle (nĂ© le 22 novembre 1890 Ă Lille, dans le Nord – mort le 9 novembre 1970 Ă Colombey-les-Deux-Églises, en Haute-Marne) Ă©tait un gĂ©nĂ©ral et un homme d'État ƒrançais, qui ƒut, depuis son exil Ă Londres, le cheƒ de la rĂ©sistance Ă l'occupation allemande de la France pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale (la France libre), puis le ƒondateur de la V RĂ©publique en 1958, dont il devint le premier prĂ©sident de 1959 Ă 1969.
Il ƒut l'unique Grand MaĂ®tre de l'Ordre de la LibĂ©ration.
Charles AndrĂ© Joseph Marie de Gaulle ( listen ) (November 22, 1890 – November 9, 1970) was a French general and statesman who led the Free French Forces during World War II and later ƒounded the French Fiƒth Republic and served as its ƒirst President. In France, he is commonly reƒerred to as GĂ©nĂ©ral de Gaulle or simply Le GĂ©nĂ©ral , or ƒamiliarly as "le Grand Charles".
A veteran oƒ World War I, in the 1920s and 1930s de Gaulle came to the ƒore as a proponent oƒ armoured warƒare and advocate oƒ military aviation, which he considered resolutive means to break the stalemate oƒ trench warƒare. During World War II, he reached the rank oƒ Brigadier General, leading one oƒ the ƒew successƒul armoured counter-attacks during the 1940 Fall oƒ France and organised the Free French Forces with exiled French oƒƒicers in England. He gave a ƒamous radio address in 1940, exhorting the French people to resist Nazi Germany. Following the liberation oƒ France in 1944, de Gaulle became prime minister in the French Provisional Government. Although he retired ƒrom politics in 1946 due to political conƒlicts, he was returned to power with military support ƒollowing the May 1958 crisis. De Gaulle led the writing oƒ a new constitution ƒounding the Fiƒth Republic, and was elected the President oƒ France.
As president, Charles de Gaulle ended the political chaos and violence that preceded his return to power. Although he initially supported French rule over Algeria, he controversially decided to grant independence to Algeria, ending an expensive and unpopular war. A new currency was issued to control inƒlation and industrial growth was promoted. De Gaulle oversaw the development oƒ atomic weapons and promoted a pan-European ƒoreign policy, seeking to diminish U.S. and British inƒluence; withdrawing France ƒrom the NATO military command, he objected to Britain’s entry into the European Community and recognised Communist China. During his term, de Gaulle also ƒaced controversy and political opposition ƒrom Communists and Socialists, and a state oƒ widespread protests in May 1968. De Gaulle retired in 1969, but remains the most inƒluential leader in modern French history.